기계금속재료편람

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[머리말]

금속재료는 여러 제조산업 분야에서 기초가 되는 필수 원자재로서 첨단 산업기술의 비약적인 발 전을 위해서도 지속적으로 금속재료 분야의 연구와 발전이 필수적이라고 할 수 있다.

금속재료공학의 발달과 더불어, 우주항공, 자동차, 정밀기계공업 및 IT 산업, 중공업, 건설 산업 분야에서의 안전과 경제적인 이익을 도모할 수 있다. 또한 최근에는 기존의 금속소재의 성능을 극 대화하는 기술과 함께 신소재의 개발에도 많은 연구와 노력을 기울이고 있으며, 금속재료 분야의 전문가 발굴과 우수한 기술을 가진 전문 인력이 우리에겐 필요하다.

하지만 우리나라는 짧은 기간 동안 급격한 산업발전을 이루고도 아직 첨단 신소재, 특수금속 등의 분야에서는 선진국가에 비해 기술력이 부족하고, 특히 철강산업 분야는 중국 등 신흥국가들의 추 격을 받고 있는 실정이다.

한국산업표준(KS)은 산업표준화법에 따라 제정되는 대한민국 국가표준으로서, 산업 제품 및 산 업 활동 관련 서비스의 품질과 생산효율 및 기술을 향상하는데 기여하고 있다.

KS 규격의 국제 표준화 작업에 따라 본서에서는 철강 및 비철금속 분야의 구 규격들을 신기호와 더불어 참조할 수 있도록 편집하였으며, 될 수 있는 한 국제표준규격으로 개정된 것이나 가급적 최신의 개정 규격에 따라 구성하였다. 그리고 철강 및 비철금속재료와 더불어 배관설계에 필요한 강관의 규격도 수록하고 있으며, 아직까지 제조산업 현장에서 많이 쓰이는 JIS의 철강 및 비철금 속의 기호체계 및 분류와 더불어 철강재료의 신구 대조표, 철강 및 열처리 용어 해설 등도 첨부하 여 금속재료를 이해하고 활용하는데 도움이 될 수 있도록 하였다.

한편, 산업 현장에서 업무를 수행하다보면 겪게 되는 여러 혼동 중의 하나로 KS규격과 외국 규격 과의 비교에 대한 애로 사항을 종종 볼 수 있는데 본서에서 그 부분 또한 기술하고 있으므로 참조 하기 바란다.

아무쪼록 첨단산업 기술시대에 글로벌 경쟁을 하고 있는 공학도와 현장 실무 기술자들에게 도움 이 될 수 있기를 바라며, 끝으로 본서의 출간에 있어 많은 도움을 주신 관계자 여러분께 감사의 말씀을 드린다.

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[목차]

[Chapter 01] 기계재료의 개요

1-1 기계재료의 개요································································································· 12

1-2 여러가지 공업용 재료의 개요················································································ 17

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[Chapter 02] 기계재료의 기호

2-1 재료 기호 표기의 예···························································································· 24

2-2 재료 기호의 구성 및 의미····················································································· 24

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[Chapter 03] 열처리를 한 철 계통의 부품-표시와 지시·················································· 27

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[Chapter 04] 표면거칠기의 종류 및 개요

4-1 표면거칠기의 종류······························································································· 42

4-2 표면거칠기 파라미터···························································································· 42

4-3 표면거칠기와 다듬질기호에 의한 기입법································································· 44

4-4 표면거칠기와 다듬질기호(삼각기호)의 관계···························································· 45

4-5 산술평균거칠기(Ra)의 거칠기 값과 적용 예····························································· 45

4-6 표면거칠기 표기법 및 가공방법·············································································· 46

4-7 표면거칠기 기호 비교 분석···················································································· 47

4-8 비교 표면거칠기 표준편························································································ 47

4-9 표면의 결 도시 방법····························································································· 48

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[Chapter 05] 금속재료기호 일람표

5-1 기계 구조용 탄소강 및 합금강··············································································· 50

5-2 특수용도강········································································································· 53

5-3 주단조품············································································································ 57

5-4 구조용 철강········································································································ 79

5-5 비철금속재료·······································································································104

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[Chapter 06] 철강 데이터

6-1 기계 구조용 탄소강 및 합금강················································································ 122

6-2 특수 용도강 - 스테인리스강, 내열강, 초합금···························································· 129

6-3 특수 용도강 - 스프링강, 쾌삭강, 클래드강······························································· 159

6-4 단강품················································································································ 165

6-5 주강품················································································································ 182

6-6 주철품················································································································ 200

6-7 구조용 봉강. 형강. 강판. 강대················································································ 207

6-8 압력 용기용 강판·································································································· 244

6-9 일반가공용 강판 및 강대························································································ 260

6-10 철도용 레일········································································································ 282

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[Chapter 07] 비철 데이터

7-1 신동품················································································································· 290

7-2 알루미늄 및 알루미늄합금의 전신재········································································· 331

7-3 마그네슘합금 전신재····························································································· 357

7-4 납 및 납합금의 전신재···························································································· 366

7-5 니켈 및 니켈합금 전신재························································································· 368

7-6 타이타늄 및 타이타늄합금 전신재············································································· 371

7-7 기타 전신재··········································································································· 379

7-8 분말 야금··············································································································· 383

7-9 주물······················································································································ 385

7-10 보통 치수 공차······································································································ 405

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[Chapter 08] 철강 및 열처리 용어

8-1 강의 종류, 조강(粗鋼), 강편 용어 해설································································ 410

8-2 강재의 모양별, 제조 방법별 용어 해설································································ 412

8-3 열처리용 강 및 특수용도 강 강재의 용어 해설···················································· 418

8-4 재질 및 기타의 품질 용어 해설············································································ 420

8-5 철강제품의 열처리 용어 주요 부분······································································ 423

8-6 철강제품의 열처리 용어 보충 부분······································································ 432

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[Chapter 09] 재료에 관한 KS와 관련 외국 규격과의 비교표

9-1 기계 구조용 탄소강 및 합금강 강재 관계···························································· 436

9-2 스테인리스강 및 내열강 강재 관계······································································ 440

9-3 공구강 강재 관계································································································· 444

9-4 특수용도 강 관계································································································· 446

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[Chapter 10] 열처리 및 재료 관련 일본 기술 용어 해독

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[Chapter 11] 배관용 강관

11-1 배관용 탄소 강관······························································································· 454

11-2 압력 배관용 탄소 강관· ·· ···················································································· 456

11-3 고압 배관용 탄소 강관······················································································· 459

11-4 상수도용 도복장 강관························································································ 461

11-5 저온 배관용 탄소 강관······················································································· 463

11-6 고온 배관용 탄소 강관······················································································· 466

11-7 배관용 합금강 강관···························································································· 469

11-8 배관용 스테인리스 강관····················································································· 472

11-9 배관용 아크 용접 탄소강 강관··········································································· 484

11-10 배관용 용접 대구경 스테인리스 강관······························································ 485

11-11 스테인리스강 위생관······················································································· 488

11-12 가열로용 강관·································································································· 490

11-13 일반 배관용 스테인리스 강관·········································································· 492

11-14 비닐하우스용 도금 강관··················································································· 493

11-15 자동차 배관용 금속관······················································································ 494

11-16 일반용수용 도복장강관···················································································· 496

11-17 일반용수용 도복장강관 이형관········································································ 498

11-18 배관용 이음매 없는 니켈-크로뮴-철합금 관··················································· 544

11-19 고온 고압용 원심력 주강관·············································································· 545

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[Chapter 12] 구조용 강관

12-1 기계 구조용 탄소 강관······················································································· 548

12-2 기계 구조용 스테인리스강 강관········································································· 550

12-3 일반 구조용 탄소 강관······················································································· 552

12-4 일반 구조용 각형 강관······················································································· 556

12-5 기계 구조용 합금강 강관···················································································· 572

12-6 자동차 구조용 전기 저항 용접 탄소강 강관······················································· 573

12-7 실린더 튜브용 탄소 강관···················································································· 575

12-8 건축 구조용 탄소 강관······················································································· 577

12-9 철탑용 고장력강 강관························································································ 582

12-10 기계구조용 합금강 강재··················································································· 585

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[Chapter 13] 열전달용 강관

13-1 보일러 및 열 교환기용 탄소 강관······································································ 588

13-2 저온 열 교환기용 강관······················································································· 590

13-3 보일러, 열 교환기용 합금강 강관······································································ 591

13-4 보일러, 열 교환기용 스테인리스 강관······························································· 593

13-5 가열로용 강관···································································································· 603

13-6 배관용 및 열 교환기용 타이타늄, 팔라듐 합금관··············································· 607

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[Chapter 14] 특수용도 강관 및 합금관

14-1 강제 전선관······································································································· 610

14-2 고압 가스 용기용 이음매 없는 강관··································································· 611

14-3 열 교환기용 이음매 없는 니켈-크로뮴 철합금 관············································· 612

14-4 배관용 이음매 없는 니켈-크로뮴 철합금 관······················································ 613

14-5 시추용 이음매 없는 강관··················································································· 615

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[Chapter 15] JIS 철강참고자료

15-1 철강 기호 보는 법······························································································ 618

15-2 철강 기호의 분류별 일람표················································································ 621

15-3 JIS 기계구조용강 종류의 기호 체계··································································· 629

15-4 JIS 철강 기호의 변경························································································· 632

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[Chapter 16] JIS 비철참고자료

16-1 비철금속 기호의 표시법····················································································· 638

16-2 비철금속 기호의 분류별 일람표········································································· 643

16-3 전신재용 알루미늄 및 알루미늄합금의 국제 합금 기호····································· 648

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[Chapter 17] JIS와 관련 외국규격과의 비교표

17-1 원재료 관계········································································································ 651

17-2 주물 및 단강 관계······························································································ 652

17-3 기계구조용 탄소강 및 합금강 관계···································································· 659

17-4 스테인리스강·내열강 관계··············································································· 663

17-5 공구강 관계········································································································ 667

17-6 특수용도강 관계································································································ 669

17-7 봉강, 형강, 강판 관계························································································ 670

17-8 박판 관계··········································································································· 676

17-9 강관 관계··········································································································· 680

17-10 선 및 선제품 관계···························································································· 691

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[Chapter 18] SAE(AISI)철강 성분표

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[Chapter 19] 철강재료기호 신구 대조표

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[Chapter 20] 기계구조용탄소강, 합금강, 스프링강 및 공구강의 재료 특성

20-1 탄소량 구분에 따른 표준 기계적 성질과 질량 효과··········································· 758

20-2 표준 공시재의 기계적 성질················································································ 760

20-3 인장시험편에 열처리를 실시한 스프링강 강재의 기계적 성질··························· 762

20-4 시험편의 칭템퍼링 경도················································································· 762

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[Chapter 21] 표면처리와 도금

21-1 전기 아연 도금 KS D 8304··············································································· 764

21-2 용융 아연 도금 KS D 8308··············································································· 765

21-3 니켈 및 니켈－크로뮴 도금 KS D 8302···························································· 766

21-4 공업용 크롬 도금 KS D 0212············································································ 767

21-5 전기 주석 도금 KS D 8330··············································································· 769

21-6 전기 카드뮴 도금 KS D 0231············································································ 770

21-7 장식용 금 및 금합금 도금 KS D 8336······························································· 771

21-8 공업용 은 도금 KS D 8339··············································································· 772

21-9 용융 알루미늄 도금 KS D 8309········································································ 774

21-10 전기 도금 용어 KS D 8317············································································· 775