기계금속재료편람 & 플랜트배관설계편람 현장실무 활용서

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[머리말]

금속재료는 여러 제조산업 분야에서 기초가 되는 필수 원자재로서 첨단 산업기술의 비약적인 발 전을 위해서도 지속적으로 금속재료 분야의 연구와 발전이 필수적이라고 할 수 있다.

금속재료공학의 발달과 더불어, 우주항공, 자동차, 정밀기계공업 및 IT 산업, 중공업, 건설 산업 분야에서의 안전과 경제적인 이익을 도모할 수 있다. 또한 최근에는 기존의 금속소재의 성능을 극 대화하는 기술과 함께 신소재의 개발에도 많은 연구와 노력을 기울이고 있으며, 금속재료 분야의 전문가 발굴과 우수한 기술을 가진 전문 인력이 우리에겐 필요하다.

하지만 우리나라는 짧은 기간 동안 급격한 산업발전을 이루고도 아직 첨단 신소재, 특수금속 등의 분야에서는 선진국가에 비해 기술력이 부족하고, 특히 철강산업 분야는 중국 등 신흥국가들의 추 격을 받고 있는 실정이다.

한국산업표준(KS)은 산업표준화법에 따라 제정되는 대한민국 국가표준으로서, 산업 제품 및 산 업 활동 관련 서비스의 품질과 생산효율 및 기술을 향상하는데 기여하고 있다.

KS 규격의 국제 표준화 작업에 따라 본서에서는 철강 및 비철금속 분야의 구 규격들을 신기호와 더불어 참조할 수 있도록 편집하였으며, 될 수 있는 한 국제표준규격으로 개정된 것이나 가급적 최신의 개정 규격에 따라 구성하였다. 그리고 철강 및 비철금속재료와 더불어 배관설계에 필요한 강관의 규격도 수록하고 있으며, 아직까지 제조산업 현장에서 많이 쓰이는 JIS의 철강 및 비철금 속의 기호체계 및 분류와 더불어 철강재료의 신구 대조표, 철강 및 열처리 용어 해설 등도 첨부하 여 금속재료를 이해하고 활용하는데 도움이 될 수 있도록 하였다.

한편, 산업 현장에서 업무를 수행하다보면 겪게 되는 여러 혼동 중의 하나로 KS규격과 외국 규격 과의 비교에 대한 애로 사항을 종종 볼 수 있는데 본서에서 그 부분 또한 기술하고 있으므로 참조 하기 바란다.

아무쪼록 첨단산업 기술시대에 글로벌 경쟁을 하고 있는 공학도와 현장 실무 기술자들에게 도움 이 될 수 있기를 바라며, 끝으로 본서의 출간에 있어 많은 도움을 주신 관계자 여러분께 감사의 말씀을 드린다.

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[목차]

[Chapter 01] 기계재료의 개요

1-1 기계재료의 개요································································································· 12

1-2 여러가지 공업용 재료의 개요················································································ 17

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[Chapter 02] 기계재료의 기호

2-1 재료 기호 표기의 예···························································································· 24

2-2 재료 기호의 구성 및 의미····················································································· 24

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[Chapter 03] 열처리를 한 철 계통의 부품-표시와 지시·················································· 27

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[Chapter 04] 표면거칠기의 종류 및 개요

4-1 표면거칠기의 종류······························································································· 42

4-2 표면거칠기 파라미터···························································································· 42

4-3 표면거칠기와 다듬질기호에 의한 기입법································································· 44

4-4 표면거칠기와 다듬질기호(삼각기호)의 관계···························································· 45

4-5 산술평균거칠기(Ra)의 거칠기 값과 적용 예····························································· 45

4-6 표면거칠기 표기법 및 가공방법·············································································· 46

4-7 표면거칠기 기호 비교 분석···················································································· 47

4-8 비교 표면거칠기 표준편························································································ 47

4-9 표면의 결 도시 방법····························································································· 48

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[Chapter 05] 금속재료기호 일람표

5-1 기계 구조용 탄소강 및 합금강··············································································· 50

5-2 특수용도강········································································································· 53

5-3 주단조품············································································································ 57

5-4 구조용 철강········································································································ 79

5-5 비철금속재료·······································································································104

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[Chapter 06] 철강 데이터

6-1 기계 구조용 탄소강 및 합금강················································································ 122

6-2 특수 용도강 - 스테인리스강, 내열강, 초합금···························································· 129

6-3 특수 용도강 - 스프링강, 쾌삭강, 클래드강······························································· 159

6-4 단강품················································································································ 165

6-5 주강품················································································································ 182

6-6 주철품················································································································ 200

6-7 구조용 봉강. 형강. 강판. 강대················································································ 207

6-8 압력 용기용 강판·································································································· 244

6-9 일반가공용 강판 및 강대························································································ 260

6-10 철도용 레일········································································································ 282

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[Chapter 07] 비철 데이터

7-1 신동품················································································································· 290

7-2 알루미늄 및 알루미늄합금의 전신재········································································· 331

7-3 마그네슘합금 전신재····························································································· 357

7-4 납 및 납합금의 전신재···························································································· 366

7-5 니켈 및 니켈합금 전신재························································································· 368

7-6 타이타늄 및 타이타늄합금 전신재············································································· 371

7-7 기타 전신재··········································································································· 379

7-8 분말 야금··············································································································· 383

7-9 주물······················································································································ 385

7-10 보통 치수 공차······································································································ 405

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[Chapter 08] 철강 및 열처리 용어

8-1 강의 종류, 조강(粗鋼), 강편 용어 해설································································ 410

8-2 강재의 모양별, 제조 방법별 용어 해설································································ 412

8-3 열처리용 강 및 특수용도 강 강재의 용어 해설···················································· 418

8-4 재질 및 기타의 품질 용어 해설············································································ 420

8-5 철강제품의 열처리 용어 주요 부분······································································ 423

8-6 철강제품의 열처리 용어 보충 부분······································································ 432

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[Chapter 09] 재료에 관한 KS와 관련 외국 규격과의 비교표

9-1 기계 구조용 탄소강 및 합금강 강재 관계···························································· 436

9-2 스테인리스강 및 내열강 강재 관계······································································ 440

9-3 공구강 강재 관계································································································· 444

9-4 특수용도 강 관계································································································· 446

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[Chapter 10] 열처리 및 재료 관련 일본 기술 용어 해독

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[Chapter 11] 배관용 강관

11-1 배관용 탄소 강관······························································································· 454

11-2 압력 배관용 탄소 강관· ·· ···················································································· 456

11-3 고압 배관용 탄소 강관······················································································· 459

11-4 상수도용 도복장 강관························································································ 461

11-5 저온 배관용 탄소 강관······················································································· 463

11-6 고온 배관용 탄소 강관······················································································· 466

11-7 배관용 합금강 강관···························································································· 469

11-8 배관용 스테인리스 강관····················································································· 472

11-9 배관용 아크 용접 탄소강 강관··········································································· 484

11-10 배관용 용접 대구경 스테인리스 강관······························································ 485

11-11 스테인리스강 위생관······················································································· 488

11-12 가열로용 강관·································································································· 490

11-13 일반 배관용 스테인리스 강관·········································································· 492

11-14 비닐하우스용 도금 강관··················································································· 493

11-15 자동차 배관용 금속관······················································································ 494

11-16 일반용수용 도복장강관···················································································· 496

11-17 일반용수용 도복장강관 이형관········································································ 498

11-18 배관용 이음매 없는 니켈-크로뮴-철합금 관··················································· 544

11-19 고온 고압용 원심력 주강관·············································································· 545

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[Chapter 12] 구조용 강관

12-1 기계 구조용 탄소 강관······················································································· 548

12-2 기계 구조용 스테인리스강 강관········································································· 550

12-3 일반 구조용 탄소 강관······················································································· 552

12-4 일반 구조용 각형 강관······················································································· 556

12-5 기계 구조용 합금강 강관···················································································· 572

12-6 자동차 구조용 전기 저항 용접 탄소강 강관······················································· 573

12-7 실린더 튜브용 탄소 강관···················································································· 575

12-8 건축 구조용 탄소 강관······················································································· 577

12-9 철탑용 고장력강 강관························································································ 582

12-10 기계구조용 합금강 강재··················································································· 585

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[Chapter 13] 열전달용 강관

13-1 보일러 및 열 교환기용 탄소 강관······································································ 588

13-2 저온 열 교환기용 강관······················································································· 590

13-3 보일러, 열 교환기용 합금강 강관······································································ 591

13-4 보일러, 열 교환기용 스테인리스 강관······························································· 593

13-5 가열로용 강관···································································································· 603

13-6 배관용 및 열 교환기용 타이타늄, 팔라듐 합금관··············································· 607

​

[Chapter 14] 특수용도 강관 및 합금관

14-1 강제 전선관······································································································· 610

14-2 고압 가스 용기용 이음매 없는 강관··································································· 611

14-3 열 교환기용 이음매 없는 니켈-크로뮴 철합금 관············································· 612

14-4 배관용 이음매 없는 니켈-크로뮴 철합금 관······················································ 613

14-5 시추용 이음매 없는 강관··················································································· 615

​

[Chapter 15] JIS 철강참고자료

15-1 철강 기호 보는 법······························································································ 618

15-2 철강 기호의 분류별 일람표················································································ 621

15-3 JIS 기계구조용강 종류의 기호 체계··································································· 629

15-4 JIS 철강 기호의 변경························································································· 632

​

[Chapter 16] JIS 비철참고자료

16-1 비철금속 기호의 표시법····················································································· 638

16-2 비철금속 기호의 분류별 일람표········································································· 643

16-3 전신재용 알루미늄 및 알루미늄합금의 국제 합금 기호····································· 648

​

[Chapter 17] JIS와 관련 외국규격과의 비교표

17-1 원재료 관계········································································································ 651

17-2 주물 및 단강 관계······························································································ 652

17-3 기계구조용 탄소강 및 합금강 관계···································································· 659

17-4 스테인리스강·내열강 관계··············································································· 663

17-5 공구강 관계········································································································ 667

17-6 특수용도강 관계································································································ 669

17-7 봉강, 형강, 강판 관계························································································ 670

17-8 박판 관계··········································································································· 676

17-9 강관 관계··········································································································· 680

17-10 선 및 선제품 관계···························································································· 691

​

[Chapter 18] SAE(AISI)철강 성분표

​

[Chapter 19] 철강재료기호 신구 대조표

​

[Chapter 20] 기계구조용탄소강, 합금강, 스프링강 및 공구강의 재료 특성

20-1 탄소량 구분에 따른 표준 기계적 성질과 질량 효과··········································· 758

20-2 표준 공시재의 기계적 성질················································································ 760

20-3 인장시험편에 열처리를 실시한 스프링강 강재의 기계적 성질··························· 762

20-4 시험편의 칭템퍼링 경도················································································· 762

​

[Chapter 21] 표면처리와 도금

21-1 전기 아연 도금 KS D 8304··············································································· 764

21-2 용융 아연 도금 KS D 8308··············································································· 765

21-3 니켈 및 니켈－크로뮴 도금 KS D 8302···························································· 766

21-4 공업용 크롬 도금 KS D 0212············································································ 767

21-5 전기 주석 도금 KS D 8330··············································································· 769

21-6 전기 카드뮴 도금 KS D 0231············································································ 770

21-7 장식용 금 및 금합금 도금 KS D 8336······························································· 771

21-8 공업용 은 도금 KS D 8339··············································································· 772

21-9 용융 알루미늄 도금 KS D 8309········································································ 774

21-10 전기 도금 용어 KS D 8317············································································· 775

[최신] 플랜트 배관설계편람 현장실무활용서 

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주 소｜경기도 파주시 신촌2로 24 
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[머리말]
배관설계 및 플랜트 설계는 파이프, 피팅과 플랜지, 밸브 등 배관 자재에 관한 폭넓은 지식과 조선, 
해양, 담수, 정유, 석유화학, 발전 분야 등의 크고 작은 각종 프로젝트를 수행하며 새로운 경험과 
실무 지식을 쌓아가는 전문 엔지니어링 분야라고 할 수 있다. 
예전에는 배관설계를 수작업으로 하다 CAD 시스템을 활용하여 도면 작성을 하였지만 현재는 3D 
모델링 등의 실무 능력 또한 요구되고 있는 실정으로 관련 업계에서 지속적인 경쟁력을 가지고 살 
아남기 위해서는 이런 기술도 필수적으로 익힐 것을 추천한다. 
본서는 기계, 건축 전공자 외에도 배관 분야 직종에 근무하는 기술자들에게 도움이 될 수 있는 데 
이터를 최신의 KS 규격에 의거하여 수록하고 있다. 특히 설계자는 도면을 보고 이해할 수 있는 
능력이 필요하며 또한 관련 규격 데이터를 적절하게 활용하여 설계하는 능력이 중요하다고 본다. 
한국산업표준(KS)은 산업표준화법에 따라 제정되는 대한민국 국가표준으로서, 산업 제품 및 산 
업 활동 관련 서비스의 품질과 생산효율 및 기술을 향상하는데 기여하고 있다. 
배관 분야 또한 산업 표준화하여 제정된 사항이 많은데 아직까지 국내에는 예전 번역서 외에 제대 
로 된 배관 관련 실무 기술 도서 등도 부족한 실정이며, 여기에는 여러 현실적인 요인으로 점차 
침체되어 가는 전문기술서적 출판계의 안타까운 현실도 배제할 수 없다. 
KS 규격의 국제 표준화 작업에 따라 본서에서는 배관용 강관, 구조용 강관 및 관이음, 관플랜지 
등의 최신 규격 데이터와 더불어 철강 및 비철금속 재료의 이해를 돕기 위한 데이터, 배관 관련 
기계요소와 용어의 해설 등을 수록하였으며, 가급적이면 국제 표준 규격으로 개정된 것이나 최신 
의 개정 규격에 따라 편집 구성하였다. 
글로벌 기술 경쟁 시대에 플랜트 배관 분야는 전문 기술인력도 부족하지만 아직 해당 분야의 국가 
기술자격 제도 또한 제대로 갖추어져 있지 않은 것이 우리나라의 현실이다. 특히 플랜트 분야는 
해외 프로젝트도 많고 규모도 크며, 현장 기술 용어들 또한 전문 외국어로 통용되는 사례가 많으므 
로 배관 엔지니어로 성공하기 위해서는 이러한 부분도 대비해야 하는 다른 어떤 기술 분야보다도 
많은 노력이 필요한 분야라고 생각한다. 
끝으로 관련 분야를 전공하는 공학도와 현장 실무 기술자들에게 부디 도움이 될 수 있기를 바라며, 
본서의 출간에 있어 많은 도움을 주신 출판 관계자 여러분께 감사의 말씀을 드린다.

<주요 목차>
[CHAPTER 01] 배관, 펌프 용접 관련 기호 및 기술용어
1-1 배관계의 식별 표시 ································································································ 13 
1-2 용접 기호 ··············································································································· 14 
1-3 유압 및 공기압 도면 기호 ······················································································ 36 
1-4 진공 장치용 도시 기호 ··························································································· 64 
1-5 패킹 및 가스켓 용어 ······························································································ 74 
1-6 철강재 관 이음 용어 ······························································································ 83 
1-7 배관의 간략 표시-제1부：일반 규칙 및 정투상도 ················································ 88 
1-8 배관의 간략 표시-제2부：등각 투상도 ································································· 95 
1-9 배관의 간략 표시-제3부：환기계 및 배수계의 끝부분 형체 ······························· 104

[CHAPTER 02] 배관계 나사
2-1 나사의 종류를 표시하는 기호 및 나사의 호칭에 대한 표시 방법의 보기 ············· 107 
2-2 관용 평행 나사 ····································································································· 108 
2-3 관용 테이퍼 나사 ································································································· 112 
2-4 29°사다리꼴 나사 ······························································································ 116 
2-5 미터 사다리꼴 나사 ······························································································ 119

[CHAPTER 03] 배관계 볼트
3-1 볼트 구멍 및 카운터 보어 지름 ············································································ 129 
3-2 6각 볼트 (부품 등급 A) ························································································ 130 
3-3 6각 볼트 (부품 등급 B) ························································································ 131 
3-4 6각 볼트 (부품 등급 C) ························································································ 132 
3-5 6각 볼트 (상 ········································································································ 133 
3-6 6각 볼트 (중) ······································································································· 134 
3-7 6각 볼트 (흑) ······································································································· 135 
3-8 6각 구멍붙이 볼트 ······························································································· 136 
3-9 관 플랜지용 볼트 및 너트 ···················································································· 139

[CHAPTER 04] 철강 및 비철금속 재료 기호 일람표
4-1 기계 구조용 탄소강 및 합금강 ············································································· 155 
4-2 특수용도강 ··········································································································· 158 
4-3 주단조품 ·············································································································· 164 
4-4 구조용 철강 ········································································································· 171 
4-5 배관 기술 용어 해독 ···························································································· 196

[CHAPTER 05] 현장 기술 일본어 해독
5-1 배관 기술 용어 해독 ···························································································· 217 
5-2 열처리 및 재료 관련 기술 용어 해독 ··································································· 219


[CHAPTER 06] 가스켓, 오링 및 패킹
6-1 관 플랜지용 스파이럴형 가스켓 ··········································································· 225 
6-2 관 플랜지의 가스켓 자리 치수 ············································································· 239 
6-3 O링 부착 홈부의 모양 및 치수 ············································································ 247 
6-4 O링 ······················································································································ 262 
6-5 O링용 백업 링 ····································································································· 271 
6-6 V 패킹 ················································································································· 279 
6-7 고무링 패킹 이음의 치수 ····················································································· 283

[CHAPTER 07] 배관용 강관
7-1 배관용 탄소 강관 ································································································· 287 
7-2 압력 배관용 탄소 강관 ························································································· 289 
7-3 고압 배관용 탄소 강관 ························································································· 292
7-4 상수도용 도복장 강관 ·························································································· 294 
7-5 저온 배관용 탄소 강관 ························································································· 296 
7-6 고온 배관용 탄소 강관 ························································································· 298 
7-7 배관용 합금강 강관 ······························································································ 301 
7-8 배관용 스테인리스 강관 ······················································································· 304 
7-9 배관용 아크 용접 탄소강 강관 ············································································· 314 
7-10 배관용 용접 대구경 스테인리스 강관 ································································ 315 
7-11 스테인리스 강 위생관 ························································································ 317 
7-12 가열로용 강관 ···································································································· 319 
7-13 일반 배관용 스테인리스 강관 ············································································ 321 
7-14 비닐하우스용 도금 강관 ····················································································· 322 
7-15 자동차 배관용 금속관 ························································································ 323 
7-16 일반용수용 도복장강관 ······················································································ 325 
7-17 일반용수용 도복장강관 이형관 ·········································································· 326 
7-18 고온 고압용 원심력 주강관 ················································································ 370

[CHAPTER 08] 구조용 강관
8-1 기계 구조용 탄소 강관 ························································································· 373 
8-2 기계 구조용 스테인리스 강 강관 ········································································· 374 
8-3 일반 구조용 탄소 강관 ························································································· 376 
8-4 일반 구조용 각형 강관 ························································································· 379 
8-5 기계 구조용 합금강 강관 ····················································································· 383 
8-6 자동차 구조용 전기 저항 용접 탄소강 강관 ························································· 385 
8-7 실린더 튜브용 탄소 강관 ····················································································· 386 
8-8 건축 구조용 탄소 강관 ························································································· 388 
8-9 철탑용 고장력강 강관 ·························································································· 393 
8-10 기계구조용 합금강 강재 ····················································································· 394

[CHAPTER 09] 열 전달용 강관
9-1 보일러 및 열 교환기용 탄소 강관 ········································································ 399 
9-2 저온 열 교환기용 강관 ························································································· 400 
9-3 보일러, 열 교환기용 합금강 강관 ········································································· 401 
9-4 보일러, 열 교환기용 스테인리스 강관 ·································································· 403 
9-5 가열로용 강관 ······································································································ 411 
9-6 배관용 및 열 교환기용 타이타늄, 팔라듐 합금관 ················································· 415

[CHAPTER 10] 특수 용도 강관 및 합금관
10-1 강제 전선관 ······································································································· 419 
10-2 고압 가스 용기용 이음매 없는 강관 ··································································· 420 
10-3 열 교환기용 이음매 없는 니켈-크로뮴-철합금 관 ············································ 421 
10-4 배관용 이음매 없는 니켈-크로뮴-철합금 관 ····················································· 422 
10-5 시추용 이음매 없는 강관 ··················································································· 423

[CHAPTER 11] 관 이음 및 관 이음쇠
11-1 나사식 가단 주철제 관 이음쇠 ··········································································· 427 
11-2 나사식 배수관 이음쇠 ························································································ 448 
11-3 나사식 강관제 관 이음쇠 ··················································································· 458 
11-4 유압용 25MPa 물림식 관 이음쇠 ······································································· 461 
11-5 배관용 강제 맞대기 용접식 관 이음쇠 ······························································· 467 
11-6 특수 배관용 강제 맞대기 용접식 관 이음쇠 ······················································· 478 
11-7 배관용 강판제 맞대기 용접식 관 이음쇠 ···························································· 483

[CHAPTER 12] 관 플랜지
12-1 알루미늄합금제 관 플랜지의 기준 치수 ····························································· 497 
12-2 철강제 관 플랜지의 압력 단계 ··········································································· 504 
12-3 강제 용접식 관 플랜지 ······················································································· 507 
12-4 냉동 장치용 관 플랜지 ······················································································· 528 
12-5 구리 합금제 관 플랜지의 기본 치수 ··································································· 541 
12-6 관 플랜지의 가스켓 자리 치수 ··········································································· 546 
12-7 유압용 21MPa 관 삽입 용접 플랜지 ·································································· 552 
12-8 진공 장치용 플랜지 ···························································································· 556